Adsorbered Dose Radiotherapy Stations

Question: Talk about theAdsorbered Dosefor Radiotherapy Stations. Answer: Conversation and Conclusion Radiotherapy stations numerous on occasion utilizes lucite ghost sheets to break down the proportion of infiltration with a proportion of 20/10 cm profundity ionization. Since there is contrasts in thickness and successful the estimation won't give the TPR of 20/10 ratios(Mayles 2007, p. 122). Since there is some misfortune (lessening) and misfortunes because of dissipating nature of Perspex are not the equivalent from water. This makes it hard to a persuading purpose behind estimated ionization proportion at given profundities for photons. In photon, we generally select 5, and 15 cm profundity Perspex apparition rather than 20/10cm which is utilized in light of the fact that the 5 cm profundity gives information on how photon pillar yield become stable since this worth is over the estimation of portion most noteworthy incentive for 15MV and 6 MV photons. What's more, there is a need to ascertain the proportion of ionization which is got for 15cm and 5 cm and 17.75cm and 5.95cm, however in this our examination we utilized 20/10 cm. That shows that the overabundance Perspex constriction is diminished when these photon bars in Perspex are dispersed. For this electron bars, we need to choose various mixes of profundity to help check the nature of the bar. In the estimation of portion, we determined ionizing radiation portion at various profundity in mGy for the two profundities at 10cm and 20cm. We can without much of a stretch note that the ionizing radiation portion is higher when the profundity is little (5 cm) and it is moderately more when the profundity increments (at 20cm). This is on the grounds that at less separation the lessening/misfortunes are not many rather than moderately more profound ones. What's more, due to this weakening, we have to ascertain the amendment structure which will decrease the impact of this loss(Mayles 2007, p. 245). This is determined from; Of which in our trial we got it to = 1.0027 The estimation of TPR can be legitimately determined from the midpoints of mGy readings from the two profundities. In our normal examination profundity at 10cm was 79,416 while that at 20 cm was 532,166. So we state TPR = . At a set-up of 5cm profound, we got readings of 100 Mus at a proportion of 10/10, for the readings 1,2 and 3 and we persuaded the normal to be 16.35 so this incentive related to different qualities and factors we got beforehand we can without much of a stretch figure the total portion as below(purdy 2012, p. 204), After the test, we got ourselves acquainted with supreme reference portion estimation in-apparition procedure with MV photon shafts since we had the option to ascertain the estimation of the portion and see most proportions and why a few proportions are superior to other people. The weakening can be diminished by the utilization of amendment. Book index Mayles, P 2007, Handbook of radiography material science :Theory and practice, third edn, CRC press , Washington DC. purdy, JA 2012, Technoical nuts and bolts of radiation : Practical clinical application, fifth edn, Springer science and Business Media, New york.

Food sec Essay Example for Free

Food sec Essay Our point is that all individuals (paying little heed to race, religion, sexual orientation or age) approach protected and nutritious food to keep up a sound and dynamic life (World Bank, 1986) There are four primary parts to guaranteeing food security: 1. Food accessibility great horticultural creations and promoting to give enough food in all atmospheres and seasons. 2. Food get to †having the cash to pay for or the capacity to gain the food; having the option to get good†¦ 3. Food use-legitimate readiness and capacity of the food; keeping up the nourishing trustworthiness of the food; reasonable conveyance of the food (sex, food, ethnicity, religion, and so on. ) 4. Resource creation â€designing approaches to keep up the food flexibly, if there should be an occurrence of catastrophic event, wars or potentially clashes and so on ; storing, gifts, and so on. Answers for Fighting Hunger 1. Improving nourishing status-e. g. Including palm oil (contains Vitamin A) to food, sustaining milk with Vitamin D empowering bosom taking care of. 2. Strategy changes (around the world) â€e. g. all inclusive presentation of human rights, widespread privileges of the youngster. 3. Food Security †concentrating on the four fundamental courses of craving and working with networks to improve accessibility of nature of food. Issues related with food security: 1. Catastrophic event 2. Money editing 3. Absence of instruction 4. Inconsistent Distribution of Resources 5. Infection 6. Government 7. War/Conflict Food Security Our point is that all individuals (paying little mind to race, religion, sexual orientation or age) approach protected and nutritious food to keep up a solid and dynamic life (World Bank, 1986) There are four principle segments to guaranteeing food security: 5. Food accessibility great horticultural creations and promoting to give enough food in all atmospheres and seasons. 6. Food get to †having the cash to pay for or the capacity to get the food; having the option to get good†¦ 7. Food use-appropriate arrangement and capacity of the food; keeping up the dietary honesty of the food; reasonable dispersion of the food (sexual orientation, food, ethnicity, religion, and so forth ) 8. Resource creation â€designing approaches to keep up the food gracefully, in the event of cataclysmic event, wars as well as clashes and so forth. ; accumulating, gifts, and so forth. Answers for Fighting Hunger 4. Improving wholesome status-e. g. Including palm oil (contains Vitamin A) to food, sustaining milk with Vitamin D empowering bosom taking care of. 5. Approach changes (around the world) â€e. g. all inclusive assertion of human rights, widespread privileges of the youngster. 6. Food Security †concentrating on the four fundamental courses of appetite and working with networks to improve accessibility of nature of food. Issues related with food security: 8. Cataclysmic event 9. Money trimming 10. Absence of instruction 11. Inconsistent Distribution of Resources 12. Infection 13. Government 14. War/Conflict Food Security Our point is that all individuals (paying little heed to race, religion, sexual orientation or age) approach protected and nutritious food to keep up a sound and dynamic life (World Bank, 1986) There are four primary parts to guaranteeing food security: 9. Food accessibility great farming creations and promoting to give enough food in all atmospheres and seasons. 10. Food get to †having the cash to pay for or the capacity to procure the food; having the option to get good†¦ 11. Food use-appropriate readiness and capacity of the food; keeping up the healthful uprightness of the food; reasonable conveyance of the food (sex, food, ethnicity, religion, and so on ) 12. Resource creation â€designing approaches to keep up the food gracefully, if there should be an occurrence of catastrophic event, wars or potentially clashes and so forth ; storing, gifts, and so forth. Answers for Fighting Hunger 7. Improving wholesome status-e. g. Including palm oil (contains Vitamin A) to food, strengthening milk with Vitamin D empowering bosom taking care of. 8. Arrangement changes (around the world) â€e. g. all inclusive assertion of human rights, widespread privileges of the youngster. 9. Food Security †concentrating on the four primary courses of craving and working with networks to improve accessibility of nature of food. Issues related with food security: 15. Cataclysmic event 16. Money trimming 17. Absence of instruction 18. Inconsistent Distribution of Resources 19. Sickness 20. Government 21. War/Conflict Food Security Our point is that all individuals (paying little mind to race, religion, sexual orientation or age) approach sheltered and nutritious food to keep up a solid and dynamic life (World Bank, 1986) There are four primary segments to guaranteeing food security: 13. Food accessibility great farming creations and advertising to give enough food in all atmospheres and seasons. 14. Food get to †having the cash to pay for or the capacity to procure the food; having the option to get good†¦ 15. Food use-appropriate arrangement and capacity of the food; keeping up the nourishing trustworthiness of the food; reasonable conveyance of the food (sex, food, ethnicity, religion, and so forth ) 16. Resource creation â€designing approaches to keep up the food gracefully, if there should be an occurrence of catastrophic event, wars or potentially clashes and so on ; amassing, gifts, and so on. Answers for Fighting Hunger. 10. Improving healthful status-e. g. Including palm oil (contains Vitamin A) to food, bracing milk with Vitamin D empowering bosom taking care of. 11. Approach changes (around the world) â€e. g. general assertion of human rights, all inclusive privileges of the kid. 12. Food Security †concentrating on the four primary courses of appetite and working with networks to improve accessibility of nature of food. Issues related with food security: 22. Cataclysmic event 23. Money editing 24. Absence of training 25. Inconsistent Distribution of Resources 26. Infection 27. Government 28. War/Conflict.

Word of the Week! Civility Richmond Writing

Word of the Week! Civility Richmond Writing I find it interesting indeed that the OED Online puts our words most commonly used definition in 12th place: Behaviour or speech appropriate to civil interactions; politeness, courtesy, consideration.   Perhaps that should not surprise us, as the word has more current and obsolete definitions than any I have covered for this series. We have to peer back further than the 15th Century, when the word began to appear in English, for its origin and former utility. Here the OED gives us Latin civilitat-, civilitas art of civil government, politics. Consider the words that come from those roots: civil, civilization, civilized.   They presume a measure of tolerance and cooperation needed to live together, not engage in constant civil war. That sense of neighbors in conflict takes us to the first cousin of civility, civil. When I taught criminal-justice writing, I often took my students to court in Monroe County, Indiana. We sat in on both criminal and civil cases, the latter often over civil disputes between neighbors or family members, rather than between a citizen and the State or locality. The purpose of these courts? To maintain civility in the area, in order to avoid civil conflict. That sensibility underlies the work of civil society organizations. Is civility dead today? That is a good question explored by Dr. Thomas Plante. Read and decide for yourself. Please nominate a word (or metaphor!) useful in academic writing by e-mailing me (jessid -at- richmond -dot- edu) or leaving a comment below. See all of our Words of the Week  here. Image by Threeboy from Richmond, Canada (Jay Trey Cartoon Swearing) [CC BY 2.0 ], via Wikimedia Commons

Conscience - 1294 Words

Thomas Aquinas gave a simple definition of conscience when he called it ‘the faculty of reason making moral judgements’. From this, conscience is simply a rational faculty that enables us to understand right from wrong. The faculty works on the basis of knowledge, first a knowledge of moral principles enshrined in natural law, and ideally a knowledge of diving law as revealed in the Bible. However, Aquinas recognised that conscience is by no means an infallible voice. We can have a mistaken, erroneous or uninformed conscience, and it is a moral obligation in itself to have an informed conscience. Aquinas, like Joseph Butler, believed that we have a capacity to grasp at a basic level the moral principles that should govern the right†¦show more content†¦If Freud is right, conscience is only a temporary restraint that remains tied to our dependence on the superego. Reality, however, shows that conscience is not so easily got rid of and the force of its voice is su ch that it has to be reckoned with at the moral, not just the emotional level. The breakdown of the relationships that form the superego does not mean the disappearance of moral values. We continue to hear the voice of conscience long after we have outgrown the parental or social values that we originally inherited. Aquinas and Butler would, of course, accept that conscience has an important social dimension, but would see this as following from the fact that human nature is also social. For Aquinas, the social aspect of conscience is one of essential aspects, since the common good is an important ethical consideration. To this extent, both would agree with Freud. However, they would insist that the values sensed by conscience are more profoundly based than by merely socially imposed conventions. For them, conscience is the faculty that alerts us, through nature and reason, to the moral values that shape our moral identity as human beings. If this is the case, Freud’s theory dissolves into superficiality. For J.H. Newman, conscience was more than a socially conditioned response system. Conscience was the voice of reason and nature but it was also the voice of God. Newman held that the insistent force of conscience suggests that there is someoneShow MoreRelated‘Conscience Is the Voice of God’ Discuss.1152 Words   |  5 Pages‘Conscience is the voice of god’ Discuss. Most people would agree that conscience is the reasoned voice inside us that guides and tells us what we should and shouldn’t do. However peoples views on the origins of conscience can differ a lot; whether people belief its Gods doing or whether it’s innate or even whether it is acquired. In this essay I will be showing the viewpoints of various philosophers with their beliefs on whether conscience is or isn’t the voice of God. Ultimately I believeRead MoreObedience to Authority vs. Personal Conscience Essay862 Words   |  4 PagesStanley Milgram, conducted a study focusing on the conflict between obedience to authority and personal conscience. According to the study Migram suggested â€Å"that obedience we naturally show authority figures can transform us into agents of terror† (Migram, 1974/1994, p. 214). Milgram experiment was developed for the justification of the act of genocide in World War II. Many of the accomplices in the Holocaust said they were following in order given by Adolf Eichmann. Obedience to superiors is builtRead MoreThe Conscience And Moral Conscience1418 Words   |  6 Pageslove of our neighbors, and it is the job of every conscience to help guide us to making the right choice. Every day, we are faced with choices that are immoral and moral. Our conscience helps us solve the problems, especially when it comes to dealing with good or bad. Our conscience is connected to God because everyone in the world knows, deep down, that they are to be and do good, and this obligation could come only from God. I think that our conscience is a very real thing, and it plays a large roleRead MoreRichard Iii/Looking for Richard Essay1179 Words   |  5 Pagesinherent. A scrutiny of the contradictory forces of humanism and determinism and the function of women as demonstrated by both texts imparts an incongruity of context. Difference is thus conveyed. Conversely, an acknowledgement of the strength of conscience common to both texts suggests an inherent influence. Thus it is through inspection of the prescribed texts that one may distinguish the degree to which the texts converge on inherent matters and diverge on contextual matters. The contradictoryRead MoreNatural Greatness : A Mind Shift1549 Words   |  7 Pageswhile trying to maintain the illusion of her self-righteousness. What separates the person of goodness from the person of greatness? In a word, we could say conscience. But that word is perhaps too common or simplistic. Further, most of us assume that we know what conscience is. What is conscience? Consider that the word, conscience, was invented to name a universal human dynamic. In other words, it was obvious that human beings everywhere have some sense of right and wrong, which influencesRead More The Bean Trees Essay1131 Words   |  5 Pagesare likely to be deported, and could face death in Guatemala. But she is breaking the law by taking illegal immigrants out of Arizona. Yet her conscience and her heart are involved. She cares for these people, and must take them to where they will be safe. Love and concern for others as well as her own self-respect allow her to act with a good conscience. She knows the nature of the risks she is taking, but goes ahead anyway. amp;#9;For everything Taylor now does involves breaking the law, inRead MoreSymbolism that Represents the Theme of Corruption in Shakespeares MacBeth1043 Words   |  5 Pagesmore, returning were as tedious as go oer†¦ (pg. 57) this symbolizes that the guilt Macbeth feels and compares it to swimming in blood, but he has already reached the point of no return. As Lady Macbeth is sleepwalking and attempting to clear her conscience, she says, Heres the smell of blood still: all the perfumes of Arabia will not sweeten this little hand†¦ (pg. 84) This symbolizes that nothing can remove the guilt and pain of the murders that she and Macbeth have committed. This thus establishesRead MoreEssay on Guilt In The Scarlet Letter And The Crucible987 Words   |  4 Pagesdifferent personal problem and with each character’s guilt comes a different reaction. Miller and Hawthorne use the source of guilt, the actions resulting from it and the eventual consequences to portray the concept of a guilty conscience to the reader.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Each character’s guilt originates from a different source. Through different characters, Hawthorne and Miller display guilt andRead More Symbolism In Macbeth1097 Words   |  5 Pagestedious as go oerÂ… (III. iv. 167-169) this symbolises that symbolises the guilt Macbeth feels and compares it to swimming in blood, but he has already reached the point of no return. As Lady Macbeth is sleepwalking and attempting to clear her conscience, she says, Heres the smell of blood still: all the perfumes of Arabia will not sweeten this little handÂ… (V. i. 46-48) This symbolises that nothing can remove the guilt and pain of the murders that she and Macbeth have committed. This thus establishesRead MoreSummary Of What Is Meant By Telling The Truth? 1220 Words   |  5 Pagesbecomes guilty.† Bonhoeffer does admit a challenge to his notion, namely that of the â€Å"conscience.† He refutes this self-raised objection on theological grounds for the conscience is â€Å"the attempt of the ego who knows good and evil to justify itself to God, to others and to itself.† The need of the conscience is for it to be freed by Christ for the service of God and neighbour. The autonomous nature of the conscience needs to be redeemed into fellowship with Christ. This being said, Schliesser questions

Exploring An Investment Appraisal Of Glee Plc - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1834 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? According to the current situation of Glee Plc, this company is underperforming in term of profit and the new projects are not going as well. To solve this problem, the manager of Glee Plc should conducts investment appraisal to appraise the investment opportunities. What is Investment appraisal? Investment appraisal refers to the evaluation of proposed investment (DC, Blood, 2010) and also known as capital budgeting. In order to improve the profit, Glee Plc should undertake the projects which may give sustainable competitive advantage to them. However, they will be faced with different investment projects such as launching a new product or opening a new outlet and purchasing new machinery. Normally, such investment projects might take a long term period (more than a year) and a lump sum will be involved, but a company will have a limited amount of funds to invest. As such, investment appraisal needed to be conduct by the manager of Glee Plc to evaluate whether which investment project is more profitable. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Exploring An Investment Appraisal Of Glee Plc" essay for you Create order Why is it Important? The main factor that caused Glee Plc underperforming probably is that they have no making any investment analysis during the decision making process and therefore the company unable to make evaluation of the investment project and could lead the company to loss or earn lesser profit. By conducting the investment appraisal, the manager of Glee Plc able to compare and evaluate which investment proposal is better and should be undertake. Thus, investment appraisal is playing an important role during the decision making process. There are four techniques can be apply into the evaluation of investment proposal such as Payback Period (PP), Accounting Rate of Return (ARR), Net Present Value (NPV) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR). Payback Period (PP) Payback method is a method that uses to measure the time required for the cash inflow from the investment project to recover the initial investment cost (INVESTOPEDIA, 2010). Usually, a manager using payback method is to calculate whether how long the time their cash inflow can cover the cost of the investment project. Based on the appendix 1, a company planning to purchase new machinery but there are two different machines available and the cost of machine also different. From the payback method, it resulting that the payback period for machine X is 2 year and 8months and the payback period for machine Y is 3 years. Thus, the company might considered machine X first since the payback period is shorter and the investment risk will be lower and the capital will not be tied up and compared to machine Y the payback period is longer and probably the investment risk will be higher. The merits and limitations of payback method Payback method is the quickest and simplest to understand method among others method of investment appraisal. ItÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¬ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢s easy for the Glee Plc manager to apply. In addition, this method handled the risk effectively because from the concept of payback method it shows that the shorter the period the better the investment, if the payback period is shorter the company able to focuses on other investment and also enhancing the liquidity. On the other hand, if the payback period is longer means that the capital is tied up and the investment risk will be increase. Although payback method is quick and simple but this method is not appropriate for long-term financing because this technique did not considered the time value of money and Inflation might be occurs during the payback period, the money value will decrease so the companies have to pay more than they expected since the money value is dropped. Other than that, if the projects payback period is similar or same the company unable to distinguish which project is better. Accounting Rate of Return (ARR) From the AllBusiness.Com Inc (2010), it stated that ARR is a method of investment appraisal that uses to estimates the rate of return from an investment. This method also known as comparative method which is often used by a company when there are several competing investment proposals and usually the result is shown as a percentage which the higher the percentage the higher the return. This calculation is using the average profit derived by the average investment and converts the answer into percentage. By using this method, company able to see the return on investments and make a comparison whether which investment proposal is more profitable and should be undertaken. Formula: x100 According to the appendix 2, the Accounting rate of return (ARR) of machine X is 20% and the ARR of machine Y is a bit lower which is 16%. Thus, the company should purchase machine X since the rate of return is more higher compared to machine Y. The merits and limitations of accounting rate of return This method provides a quick, simple and easy understand concept to Glee Plc which is similar to Payback method that I mentioned previously. When there are different competing investment proposal, the Glee Plc manager can use this method to estimate the profitability of the investment. This can help the manager to make a comparison between the different projects and the accounting rate of return method is relatively simple and can be quickly calculated by the manager. While showing the advantages of accounting rate of return, there are some disadvantages need to be taken into consideration. This method is same as payback method which they ignores the time value of money and does not take into account of the timing of the profits earned from a project and the length of the project. In addition, this method is based on accounting profit which is subject to a number of different accounting treatments. Net Present Value (NPV) Net present value analysis is the process to taking a current investment and projecting the future net income from this investment (Penton, 2010). In more specific term, NPV is the difference between present value of cash inflow and present value of cash outflow. This method is mostly used by companies to estimate the profitability of an investment projects. Therefore, net present value is the amount that indicates how much value an investment will increase to the company and this calculation is done by the present value of an investment in the future cash flow minus the amount which is initially invested. Additionally, there are three decision rules for this method, if the amount of net present value results in positive it indicates that the project is profitable and should be undertaken by the company. On the other hand, if the NPV amount is negative the project should not be undertaken and if the NPV amount is zero the project is worth to undertake. NPV= Present Value (PV) of cash inflow ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¬ Present Value (PV) of cash outflow As can be seen in the appendix 3, after conducted the net present value analysis, it shows that the NPV of machine X is positive value which is RM5, 100 and the NPV of machine Y is negative value ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¬RM200. Thus the machine X should be purchased, since the NPV amount is positive and is considered a profitable investment. The merits and limitations of net present value While the NPV analysis is conducted, the manager of Glee Plc able to forecast the investment project is positive or negative value and thus the decision will be taken whether to undertake or reject it. This method is different from other two methods (PP and ARR). Because while doing the NPV calculation it will consider the time value of money and the risk of future cash flow. However, the flexibility and uncertainty will not be taken into account for this method, and NPV do not consider the intangible benefit. Other than that, this method only indicates the value of the money and it does not provide the rate of return of an investment project. Internal Rate of Return (IRR) An investment projects internal rate of return refers to the discount rate that commonly used in capital budgeting that makes the NPV of all cash flows from a particular investment equal to zero. There is a decision rule for IRR method which the projects with an IRR greater than the cost of capital should be accepted. This method is often used by the companies to decide and evaluate the desirability of the investment or projects which they are considering. The higher a project IRR it mean the project is more desirable to be undertaken. As such, a number of several investment projects can be ranks by using this method and the project with the highest IRR could be considered the best and should be undertake first. However, there is a similarity between NPV and IRR which both methods are widely used to decide which investment should undertake and which investment should be reject. Formula: A+% Regarding to the appendix 4, Lee Plc is considering whether to purchase machine X or Y and the cost of capital is 15%. From the result of IRR analysis, the machine X IRR is 18% and the IRR of machine Y is a bit lower which is 14.91%. Therefore, Lee Plc will purchase machine X because the IRR of machine X is greater than cost of capital (15%) is considered a profitable investment and the machine Y probably will be rejected by the company since the IRR is lower than the cost of capital. The merits and limitations of IRR IRR analysis provides easily understood concept to the manager of Glee Plc and the discount rate doesnÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¬ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢t need to be specified before IRR is calculated. Other than that, the time value of money will be taken into consideration in this technique. Thus, Glee Plc need not to worry about they might be paying more during the investment period. However, while conducting this method the Glee Plc manager can be easily confused, it ignores the relative size of the investments. IRR and NPV both methods gives conflicting rankings when faced with which project should be undertake first. This method assumes that the cash flow will be reinvested at the IRR rate but not at the cost of capital. Recommendation Despite the four techniques (PP, ARR, NPV, and IRR) that I mentioned previously have the merits and limitations, but the better techniques that should be applied by the Glee Plc to make an evaluation of investment project are the NPV and IRR analysis. During the investment period, the economic recession might be occurs and which could lead to inflation. If a company make an investment and evaluated by using the Payback Period and ARR techniques which both techniques are not considered the time value of money, in consequences the company might have to spend more than they expected, because the money value will decreased during the economic recession period. On the other hand by using the NPV and IRR analysis, Glee Plc can be avoid this issue because the time value of money and risk of future cash flow are taken into consideration. Hence, the investment risk will be lower compared to using other 2 methods.

Essay on routine message - 1498 Words

ENGL510 – Foundations of Professional Communication Writing Assignment 1 – Routine Informative Message (Draft and Revision) Also called positive/neutral informative messages or routine announcements, Routine Informative Messages are a common type of Professional Communication. To practice writing a Routine Informative Message you will write a one-page memo to employees announcing the new and revised employee education policies. Read the scenario below and present a solution in your own words, using your own analysis. You will not use all of the information included in the scenario. Some of the information will help you understand the context and implications of the document you create but would not be included in the actual†¦show more content†¦Plan carefully which information you need to include and which information you will leave out. Introduce the message in a short first paragraph with the goal of encouraging readers to take advantage of the program. The first paragraph should serve as an introduction to the message as a whole; therefore, it should avoid focusing on one aspect of the message to the exclusion of others. It should provide a brief overview of the information in the message. Organize the necessary information under headings in the body of the message. Use headings that make the information as easily accessible to readers as possible. Do not use a heading for the first and last paragraph, both of which should be fairly brief. Headings and bulleted/numbered lists should follow principles of logic and parallel structure. For reasons of logic, there must be at least two headings; for reasons of readability, avoid more than about five. Keep items in a bulleted or numbered list logically and formally parallel. The bulleted or numbered points can be phrases, sentences, or brief paragraphs, as long as the list as a whole is consistent. A sample is included below. Adapt your approach for the assigned topic. SAMPLE ROUTINE INFORMATIVE MESSAGE Date: October 1, 20xx To: Employees of Midsize Company From: Human Resources Office Re: Introducing a New Comprehensive Wellness Program Healthy living benefits everyone. On January 1,Show MoreRelatedThe Is A Mobile Messaging App For Sending Text, Voice, And Photos846 Words   |  4 PagesKnown in Chinese as Weixin, â€Å"micro message,† WeChat is a mobile messaging app for sending text, voice, and photos to friends and family. It was launched just 4 years ago by Chinese investment holding company Tencent, one of the largest internet companies in the world. As of earlier this year, WeChat had more than 500 million monthly active users among over one billion registered users, almost all of them in Asia. WeChat quickly gains popularity due to its features and appearance. It allows usersRead MoreOrganizational Communication, Culture, And Responsibility Ethics1453 Words   |  6 Pagesmarket with the best quality. Q1) (a)Outline the basic concepts of the above. - There are formal and informal communication: Formal communication: The formal communication can involve in verbal messages, nonverbal messages, written, under the shape of letters, telephone messages, radio messages, and internal notes. Even some gestures can involve in formal communication. It includes: 1) Vertical communication: -Upward: Upward communication is one which moves upward that is from bottom to topRead MoreBusiness Communication Trends1664 Words   |  7 Pagestheir own messages more effectively. The three basic purposes of business and administrative communication are to inform, to request or persuade, and to build goodwill and it is always realized that most messages have more than one purpose. When one ‘informs’, they try to explain something or tell readers something that they never knew before, whereas when one requests or persuades, they simply want the reader to act. The word ‘request’ implies that the action will be easy or routine and canRead MoreEffective Preparation For Business Presentation844 Words   |  4 Pageswhen you are ready when you have practiced the verbal and non-verbal elements of your message†(P. 23). This shows that perfection comes from preparation and practice. Another major takeaway from the first chapter is the communication model, which consists of eight essential components: sender has the idea (message), audience analysis, sender encodes the message, sender delivers the message, receiver decodes the message, receiver sends feedback, and sender interprets feedback and external noise. All theseRead MoreEssay about Hca / 230831 Words   |  4 Pageswas the Bus driver, Teachers. Who was the receiver? The receiver was I and the principal. What was the message? The message was to have an open communication going with the bus driver and teachers. What channel was used to send the message? There was Verbal, texting message, and writing was used to send message. What was the misunderstanding and how could you have avoided the misunderstanding? The misunderstanding was with my son busRead MoreMarketing Communication ( Imc )1234 Words   |  5 Pagescommunicate the right message in the right way, to the right people, in the right place at the right time! The communications process according to Schramm (1960) have four key elements: The sender is the creator or origin of the message. The message is the information’s which the sender wants to communicate. The media are the ‘’vehicles’’ or ‘’channels’’ which used to communicate the messages in the right person and finally the receivers are the people who received this message. This model try to explainRead MoreThree Step Writing Process8391 Words   |  34 Pagespurpose of your message 3 Describe the importance of analyzing your audience and identify the six factors you should consider when developing an audience profile 4 Discuss gathering information for simple messages and identify three attributes of quality information 5 List factors to consider when choosing the most appropriate medium for your message 6 Explain why good organization is important to both you and your audience 7 Summarize the process for organizing business messages effectively AfterRead MoreBarriers to Effective Communication2391 Words   |  10 Pagesday. Interpersonal barriers There are six levels at which people can distance themselves from one another: Withdrawal is an absence of interpersonal contact. It is both refusals to be in touch and time alone. Rituals are meaningless, repetitive routines devoid of real contact. Pastimes fill up time with others in social but superficial activities. Working activities are those tasks which follow the rules and procedures of contact but no more. Games are subtle, manipulative interactions which areRead MoreCorrelation Between High Synergy And The High Success2966 Words   |  12 Pages in order to ensure that a team can work together, communication between individuals must be effective. The model of communication comprises of four parts: the sender, receiver, the message, and feedback. The sender’s role is to convey the message, and encode it in a way that the receiver can understand the message, and decode it. However, the growth of technology in recorded information, which include papers, audio recordi ngs, and video recordings correlates to a loss of listening. Which eventuallyRead MoreApples Corporate Strategy2270 Words   |  10 Pagesgroups upon which the company is dependent† (Van Riel, 1995). The process of corporate communication means that the organisations ideals and vision is conveyed efficiently and effectively and that all concerned parties receive and understand the message in effective and efficient manner (Guffey, 2009). For an organisation to build and maintain its brand, the organisation must have a good corporate communication strategy. Apple’s corporate communication is examined in this paper. The resources and

How Computers Change the Way We Think free essay sample

A few years ago, computers were practically unheard of by most people. Today, computers are one of the most powerful tools throughout the world. The world has changed since these machines have come along. They play a huge part in many all of our lives in one way or another. And it’s almost scary to stop and think how much we rely on them on our day-to-day routine. People always tend to seek the easy way out looking for something that would make their lives easier. These machines and tools have given us the ability to do more in less time giving us, at the same time, more comfort. As the technology advances, computers become faster and more powerful. The increased use of these tools, however, would control humans lives and change the way in which they think. The fear is that human mind will slowly lose its original ability to be creative due to many tasks that have been taken over by computers. We will write a custom essay sample on How Computers Change the Way We Think or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Over a period of time people became so reliable on computers that they forgot the simplest multiplication and division rules. The lack of manual mathematics, which people chose, caused computers to take control of the humans by doing the work for them. Moreover, people are losing skills that come with writing with hand. Handwriting is a necessary skill that is not likely to find a replacement in the world of technology. Also spelling skills are lost, this even true for students who consider themselves good spellers. Many word processing programs auto correct misspelled words and the writer never even knows that they have made a mistake. Everyone loves efficiency and while it certainly speeds up the writing process, it leads to the enforcement of common misspellings. Computers are now doing jobs previously held by factory workers and hard working Americans. The questions that we should ask is what other tasks will be taken over by computer technology in the future? Also many people today are enjoying a day-to-day reliance on the computer. Almost anything is now available in the internet from shopping, schooling and education, on-line trading, banking, to social and political on-line communities. However, one of many concerns is that humans will no longer need to relate with one another for information and services the Internet can now provide. And reduce the physical distance between individuals. The most important issue in the debate on whether or not computers changes the way we think are safety and privacy. Most people are not concerned that the most intimate details of their daily lives are being monitored, searched and recorded. Because when you are online, you provide information to others at almost every step of the way. Often this information is like a puzzle that needs to be connected before your picture is revealed. Information you provide to one person or company may not make sense unless it is combined with information you provide to another person or company. Many share intimate details and have so much of their personal, financial information. So it is important for individuals to keep their online information private and secure. People will only know if they are too dependent on computers by examining their own lives, including the amount of time they spend online and the quality of information they share. When people begin forsaking flesh and blood relationships for their computers the danger zone is fast approaching . However, if a person is able to find a safe, secure, and healthy balance, then they are probably not in danger of becoming too dependent on their computers. Works cited 1- Turkle, Sherry. † How computers change the way we think. † the writer’s Presence: A Pool of Readings. Ed Donald McQuade and Robert Atwan . Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s 2009. Print. Pages 564-569.

Jane Eyre Review Essay Example

Jane Eyre Review Paper Essay on Jane Eyre Emotions begin to sweep over you since peryh srochek books. Here you get acquainted with the heroine and that moment and youre already friends with her She is so lovely, so sweet, and so brave. Life is not fair to her, but it makes all the tests with pride, raised his head. We will write a custom essay sample on Jane Eyre Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Jane Eyre Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Jane Eyre Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer When it hit, you want to come and give the offender in the face ( I am sorry for my French) no, Jane, do not stop me you do not deserve it))) it is often said that it is not pretty! Oh, no, Jane, you are so beautiful! Do not pay any attention to these silly hens (again French sky)))))) And it does not pay Sometimes you remember that she is only 19 and shokirueshsya so small, but so wise! it is a bit saucy, a bit notorious I want to help her to come to her, to hug her And what is it brave Good for you, Jane, because of them!) )))) In the middle of the book where the fun begins . what you ask Of course, love And your heart stops? and trembles when little Jane describes her feelings Oh, she is so fond of no one knows how to love! and so she runs away from her lover, wandering, starving Sleeping on the ground its cold! Tears welling in his eyes Jane, Im with you! Hold on hold on! And you go through all the tests with it with such a small . You are so different from her, but you know it and all actions committed it and you know why? Because you have loved her she could melt your heart and The good and dear Jane Eyre!)))) Jane Eyre Review Essay Example Jane Eyre Review Paper Essay on Jane Eyre This is a story about a very courageous and brave girl, a girl that did not break all its troubles, and all the obstacles and adversity about Jane Eyre. How can empathize a little girl orphaned How brave she brought all the bullying that were waiting for her while living with his aunt and shelter. And despite all the insults, I do not harden it, and learned to forgive. And immediately comes to mind a thought, but if I could have it? If I could make everything that issued it is not broken, do not harden because children easily become violent. She grew up a beautiful girl, not physically, but mentally. How much such a gentle and, to some extent, naive creation had the courage to admit to himself that he loves and admit it to him And, most importantly, who would have had the courage in order not to lose yourself without losing respect for yourself, to get away from a loved one afraid afraid, not for myself, but for him to leave but overcame all fears how did because it was easy to be tempted, but she remained faithful Me and that is admirable because all it gave her a lot of pain. How many people do you think, can it And how many people would be able to come back? Do not be afraid of what lay ahead, and go back? How many wounds in my life she got in such a short life. And she was rewarded, she found that the dream of many young girls in the evening she has found love love of which we can only dream of Such books leave an unforgettable impression, make you think And re-read them, finding new details and nuances. You begin to realize that outer beauty is not all that much more important than the internal, that physical strength can never replace the power of spiritual love can be only one and that for the sake of this love can go on a lot, but also understand that not to happened can not give up on themselves, by their nature, it is necessary to fight for themselves, for their principles! Now the name of Jane Eyre I associate not only with love and devotion, but with courage and bravery! We will write a custom essay sample on Jane Eyre Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Jane Eyre Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Jane Eyre Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Model United Nations Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers

Model United Nations Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers Model United Nations PS 199D Fall 2006 Dr. Mary Pettenger Mondays, Wednesdays and Office: HSS 205 Fridays 11-11:50 Phone: (503)838-8301 Location: HSS 111 Email: [emailprotected] CRN #: 11032 Office Hours: M, W, F 10-10:50 M & F 2-2:50, and by appointment Web Page: www.wou.edu/~pettengm Course Description The Model United Nations (MUN) course is a unique class because it is a blend of student-managed club and academic course. Students are the primary decision-makers and leaders for the organization. By choosing to participate in this challenging but rewarding club, you will gain valuable knowledge and skills, and join a committed and highly motivated group of students. The purpose of Western Oregon University-MUN (WOUMUN) is to increase your knowledge about international issues, policy making and the activities of the United Nations. You will also gain valuable skills in public speaking, research and writing, negotiation and powers of persuasion, leadership, organization, and interpersonal communication. Students will gain these skills through course assignments, club activities and, most importantly, by playing the role of United Nations delegates at MUN conferences. You will have the opportunity to represent WOU as a MUN delegate at Model UN conferences locally, nationally and internationally. Students are responsible for attending classes, completing several assignments in preparation for MUN conferences, and to attend and participate in the local MUN-Cascadia (MUNC) conference. The instructor of the course fulfills the roles of faculty club advisor and course instructor, holding you responsible to complete the course requirements and to facilitate your learning by providing you with information to gain the necessary knowledge and skills. Ultimately, the benefits you receive from the course will come from your willingness to learn and contribute. Be aware that the time commitment of being a club member is great, but the rewards, if you are willing, are greater. Required Materials (1) Moore, Jr., John A. and Jerry Pubantz, 2006, The New United Nations: International Organization in the Twenty-first Century New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall. (Available in the bookstore) (2) United Nations, 2004, Basic Facts about the United Nations New York: United Nations Publications. (Available free to all class members) (3) MUN Delegate Handbook, several copies on reserve in the library. (4) UN Wire. You must subscribe to this free on-line publication at unwire.org/subscribe (5) Materials on Reserve in the Library and on the Internet (see the Projected Class Schedule for specific article titles and web sites) (6) UN Internet Resources, un.org and UN Document Source, http://unbisnet.un.org (7) A source of current event information (newspaper, television, internet, radio) pay particular attention to news related to the United Nations and country assignments. The following is a brief list of the many internet news sources that provide daily news and email updates: The New York Times nytimes.com The Washington Post washingtonpost.com The Christian Science Monitor http:/www.csmonitor.com/ The Economist economist.com/ CNN http://cnn.com Google News http://news.google.com Fall Quarter Activities (1) Conferences The main activity for the PS199 class will be preparation for and participation in the Model United Nations of Cascadia (MUNC) Conference November 10-12 in downtown Portland, hosted by Clark College. Further information will be provided in class. You must participate in this conference as part of the course requirements. (2) Fundraising Volunteers will participate in fundraising activities to collect money for conference expenses and support United Nations organizations (UNICEF, UN Day, etc.). (3) Club Meetings The MUN Club meets every Friday from 12:00-12:50 in HSS112. Attendance is strongly encouraged for class members and extra credit points can be earned. The Directorate of Western-MUN The WOUMUN is headed by a Student Directorate, which acts as the primary decision-making body with regard to the club matters. Directorate members and all other returning club members serve as valuable resources to new club members. Members-at-large will be selected the second week of classes. The 2006-2007 Directorate leaders are: President: Jesse O'Neil Vice-president: Genna Melton Treasurer: Patrick Eiser Secretary: Abby Stephens Laura Maddox is the Assistant Advisor to Dr. Pettenger. Mentors and Tutoring Sessions You will be assigned a mentor during the second week of class. Veteran Club Members will serve as resources to provide you training and information regarding conference preparation and performance. Starting the second week of class, tutoring sessions will be held one night a week. It is strongly suggested that you attend these sessions for tips on research, assistance in writing policy statements and resolutions. Each session is worth 5 points of extra credit. Testing Methods and Point Scale Successful completion of PS 199 will be based upon the following assignments. Students will be able to monitor their own progress through the course by

The Chemistry of Biodiesel Production Term Paper

The Chemistry of Biodiesel Production - Term Paper Example Biodiesel is one such form of hydrocarbon based fuels. The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) defines biodiesel fuel as monoalkyl esters of long chain fatty acids derived from a renewable lipid feedstock, such as vegetable oil or animal fat (Zhang et al. 1). It is made by chemically combining any natural oil, fat or recycled grease with a suitable alcohol in the presence of a catalyst. The general equation that can be used to predict the amount of biodiesel that will be made from fats and oils is as shown: 100 pounds of oil + 10 pounds of methanol > 100 pounds of biodiesel + 10 pounds of glycerol Biodiesel can be used as neat (B 100) or in a blend with petroleum diesel for example a blend of 20 % biodiesel with 80 % petro-diesel by volume, is termed â€Å"B 20† (van Gerpen et al. 22). ... The Biox process involves the use of a co-solvent, tetrahydrofuran (THF), to solubilize the methanol. THF enhances solubility of the alcohol in the triglyceride phase and thus hastens the otherwise slow reaction (van Gerpen et al. 38). With THF the reaction takes 5 to 10 minutes at a low temperature of 30 °C. On the other hand, in the supercritical process a high alcohol to oil ratio (42:1) mixture is subjected to supercritical conditions – temperatures of 350 – 400  °C and pressures of 1200 pounds per square inch and above. So far, the huge capital and operating costs incurred in performing the supercritical reactions have made scaling up of this process to be quite difficult (van Gerpen et al. 40). The most common way to produce biodiesel is through transesterification. Transesterification refers to a catalyzed chemical reaction involving vegetable oil and an alcohol to yield fatty acid alkyl esters (which is the biodiesel) and glycerol. Catalyzed processes ca n be further subdivided into three major processes: acid catalyzed processes, alkali catalyzed processes and enzyme catalyzed processes (Zhang et al. 2). The alkali catalyzed process involves use of a basic catalyst such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide whereas the acid catalyzed process involves the use of an acid such as sulfuric, phosphoric, hydrochloric, or organic sulfonic acids as the catalyst. In enzyme catalyzed processes, lipases are used to catalyze transesterification in either aqueous or non-aqueous systems. Acid catalyzed and alkali catalyzed processes are the ones that continue to receive the most attention largely because the production of enzymes is significantly costly and their reactions remarkably slower (Zhang et al. 2). As mentioned previously,

Internship Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Internship Report - Essay Example 1. Understanding the work environment: Most of the things I studied in my degree were theoretical. I was expecting to get a fair overview about how units and components of an organisation works together to attain the results that have been set by the top elements of the organisation; 2. Communication skills development: I sought to get important skills and competencies in communicating and delivering information to parties within and outside an organisation. So I made it a point to learn and study the way different stakeholders and different players interact in an organisation and also try to work on it. 3. Cultural Competency: Since the world is multicultral now, I sought to understand the way a city like London works to integrate all the cultural requirements of its diverse environment in the workplace. To this end, I sought to understand how people interact within the organisation and how they interacted with external stakeholders. In a very critical sense, I did not get to learn all what I wanted and sought to learn. This is because the responsibilities I was given seemed to have been far from what other stakeholders and other top managers were required to do. Thus, I was not able to appreciate things to the depths that I wished I could uncover. However, being a basic marketer gave me the chance to observe a lot of things from afar. I was able to understand how the organisation operations and how it sought to provide its services to people who use their services. I was also able to understand how marketing operates and how it links up to the various units and components of an organisation. Hence, I could understand my actual contribution to the firm. I could not learn much about how to attain efficiency and effectiveness since most of the things I was supposed to do were straightforward and could be done fairly easily without challenges. However, I could observe the areas where critical results were expected and I could understand

Construction of Identity Through Photography

Construction of Identity Through Photography This essay the researcher will attempt to document the use of fashion photography namely two sets of fashion photographers with very different styles, Guy bourdain, Helmut Newton who worked predominantly in the 70s and 80s and Richard Avedon and Irving Penn who worked predominately in the 50s and 60s. the essay attempt to show if fashion photography contributes to promoting a positive influence in constructing identity of the female viewer. To do this the essay will define the use of semiotics fashion photography, he will show techniques and models that are used to create and sell an idea to the viewer. And determine whether the majority of the ridership of editorial fashion photography are influenced positively or negatively. The average readership for Britains most popular and renowned fashion publication is Vogue Britain is 646 thousand people, the parentage age of the ridership is as followed from 17 to 19 =15 % 20 to 24 25 % 25 to 34 26 % 35 to 44 17% and 44% to above 17%, 84 % of these readers are female, there for 81 % or 523,260 readers of the publication are females between the age of 17 and 34 (Vivacom, July, 2009 [online]). The process of developing identity begins with the infants discovery of self, and becomes the focus of adolescence. Erik Erikson, identified the goal of adolescence as achieving a coherent identity and avoiding identity confusion. Identity is multidimensional and may include physical and sexual identity, and usually make commitments to their identity as they move into early adulthood. Adults may revaluate and alter certain aspects of their identity as life circumstances Change.(http://social.jrank.org/ 2006 [online]). The physical, cognitive, and social changes of adolescence allows teenagers to develop there identity that will serve as a basis for their adult lives. The emergence of abstract reasoning abilities allows adolescents to think about the future and experiment with different identities. James Marcia hypothesized that identity development involves two steps. Step one, the adolescent must break away from childhood beliefs to explore alternatives for identity in a particular area i.e. clothing. (http://social.jrank.org/ 2006 [online]). The Second step, marcoa states that the adolescent makes a commitment as to their individual identity in that area. Often adolescents begin to question their ideas and beliefs and enter a moratorium. The moratorium status is characterized by exploration of alternatives. Identity may occur at different times. For females, an important component of their identity is related to their physical appearance. Identity achievement during adolescence serves as a basis for our adult expectations and goals for ourselves. As individuals enter early adulthood they use their understanding of whom they are to develop a life span construct a link between the identity developed in adolescence and the adult self. (http://social.jrank.org [2006]). As the st atement above suggests people predominantly woman are at there most influenced at there adolescence and young adults stages. As stated a large percentage of readers of magazines such as vogue fall with in this age group of adolescent to young adult. The two main types of fashion photography in fashion magazines such as Vogue are advertising and editorial, both of these photography forms use the use of signs or semiotics, in communicating the fashion to the reader mainly a woman between the age of 17 and 34. Fashion photography speaks both the reality and illusion of garments and of bodies, and in deconstructing how these elements are organized and presented, a new language and system emerges from the photographic work (Roland bath) A sign as anything which is so determined by something else, called its Object, and so determines an effect upon a person, a sign is constructed of three inter-related parts: a sign, an object, and an interpretation, in fashion photography the sign is the photograph, this doesnt necessarily mean the focus of the image i.e. the clothing it could be the entire scene and the narrative behind it. The object might be the clothing or the jewellery but it may also be the model and the interpretation. A reading of both the previous factors, take for example the photograph below by renowned fashion photography Corrine day. Plate 1 Corrine Day, 2007 Stem Golden Years, Vogue UK This is an example of an editorial fashion photograph. If this image were to be red as a sign first of all the image must be broken down first of all the sign the two dimensional object of a three dimensional seen, in the image the reader can see facts, the location is the London tube system it is between the hours of 7 am and 12 pm as we can see the train in the background and the train only runs between this time we can tell even with out knowing about the photographer we can tell that the image was taken between the 20th century and present day as this is when the tube was made. We can also see that the image included strobe flash as the models movement has been frozen yet the trains movement is blurred this also suggests that the image was taken between this time as the electronic flash was also created in this time. All these facts start to tell as story a narrative and sets up the stage for The object being the clothes and the model. Models play a key part in selling the item as well as the ideal, and research shown in; The influence of fashion magazines on the body image satisfaction of college women: an exploratory analysis by Sherry L. Turner,  Heather Hamilton,  Meija Jacobs,  Laurie M. Angood,  Deanne Hovde Dwyer has sets out to find if women are influenced negatively by fashion magazines. The research shows work by Sheldon and Stevens done in the 1940s; the research found that ectomorphic (having a build with little fat or muscle but with long limbs) individuals were perceived negatively. By the late 1980s, the perception had shifted. Ectomorphics were considered to be the most sexually appealing. The research states that in 1978, mean weight of models has dropped to 84% of the population mean, and among the Miss America Pageant contestants: Prior to 1970, mean weight of the contestants was approximately 88% of the population norm The research shows that these figures are consistent with the courage ousness of models appearing in Vogue from 1901 to 1981. A study done in this research proves that adolescent to young women are influenced by fashion magazines, the experiment took 49 undergraduate females enrolled in a psychology course at a New England womens college. 24 were assigned to the fashion magazine group, and 25 were assigned to the news magazine group. tests revealed no significant differences in the mean height, weight, or age of the two groups .Eight magazines were chose on the basis of its popularity and availability Four that had reputations of fashion and models Vogue, Bazaar, Elle, and Allure. And four news magazines used in the control Time, News week, News World Report, and Business Week. The participants were then assessed on perceptions of their bodies and their dieting attitudes. Examples of these questions are: I am very frustrated about my weight; I am afraid of getting fat; and I diet to improve my looks. Participants were then asked to indicate which of the eight magazines they read prior to completing the questionnaire. A three-part, self-administered questionnaire was used to assess womens body image satisfaction. The first portion of the questionnaire consisted of adult figure drawings designed and illustrated by Stunkard, Sorenson, and Schulsinger (1980). Each participant was asked to examine nine female silhouettes of varying size and to indicate the figure that most clearly reflected her perceptions of her own body type, her ideal body type, and the body type considered to be most ideal by society. A nine-point scale was used, with the lowest numbers corresponding to the thinnest silhouettes. The applicants were then asked to wait in a waiting room one at a time four magazines were placed in front of them. For half of the participants, the waiting room contained news magazines and for the half, there were fashion magazines. After 13 minutes, participants were given the questionnaire to complete. Unlimited time was given for completion. Ten participants indicated on their questionnaire that they did not read a magazine while waiting. These students were eliminated from the data analyses. The resulting sample consisted of 18 (37%) participants in the fashion magazine condition and 21 (43%) in the news magazine condition. The research results prove what they hypothesised. Ideal weight differed for the two groups. Women who viewed fashion magazines perceived a lower ideal weight than did women who viewed news magazines. Women who viewed fashion magazines reported more frequently feeling very frustrated about their weight, weighing themselves more than once a week, exercising only to lose weight feeling guilty while eating, feeling guilty after eating, being preoccupied with the desire to be thinner and being afraid of getting fat, Similarly, when compared to women who viewed news magazines, those who viewed fashion magazines less frequently reported being pleased about their bodies, and feeling satisfied with the shape of their bodies. This research has proven that the media has is influential to adolescent and young women it shows that the fashion magazine show and ideal rather than a reflection of societies perception of the female form. These results shows that the models in the photographs have a philological effect on the women that view and therefore read them, this leads to the interpretation the interpretation is a reading of both the previous factors the sign and the object, if the target audience i.e. woman 17 to 30 years of age Weston hemisphere middle income, feels jealousy for the shape and figure of the woman they will associate the clothes she is wearing with the model her self i.e. (if I want to be like her I have to get those clothes) or in other fashion photographs like the one below by renowned British fashion photographer Norman Parkinson, the images often show a glamorous location i.e. beaches far away cities such as New York Paris etc this adds another layer to the sign if people associate the object with the sign or the model and clothing with the location there interpretation may be that if I want to be like that model and have that life style then I have to get the clothes. Plate 2 Norman Parkinson, 1980, Pilar Crespi As the research earlier stated by the late 1980s, the perception had shifted ectomorphics were now considered to be the most sexually appealing, the research shows that fashion magazines changed from using larger models to thinner ones during two prominent fashion photographer working in this time were Guy bourdin and Helmut Newton. Guy Bourdin, Gaby wood from the observer says trailblazing image-maker of the Seventies and eighties, doyen of photographic perversion, godfather of countless images we see in magazines and advertising today. Bourdin pioneered what might be called the new soft porn the acceptable face of sex to sell anything, an aesthetic too knowing, too caught up in unveiling the world of the fetish, to be actually pornographic. (The Observer, 2003) Gaby reiterates the point that this photographer although giving a lot of new ideas and style to the fashion photography industry, is somewhat responsible for the change of models in fashion photography and along with other photographers of the 80s set the theme of models getting thinner in fashion photography. Plate 3 Guy Bourdin (1983) The Guy Bourdin Estate, 2003 The image above is a prime example of guy bourdin image, typically containing naked or semi naked women and featuring shoes the main focus of the image is the body, bourdin heavily crops a large amount of his work focusing on the body rather than the persons (models) face. When looking at this photograph it is hard to concentrate on any thing but the vivid colours of the objet the fashion and the purposely lit models, the back ground has been lit but with a much lower ratio than the models again drawing the focus to the body. Helmut Newton was another renowned fashion photographer that worked in the 60s 70s and 1980s Newtons work like bourdins in controversial and provocative. More than often the images contained naked females, His works appeared in magazines including, most significantly, French Vogue. Plate 4 Helmut Newton (1998) Mugler Above is a prime example of Newtons work often shot in black and white in high contrast the female is presented square on and the clothing has a relation to sadomasochistic and the fetish. The model is corseted witch exemplifies the narrow thin shape of the model. SM is a fashion statement today because of him (Independent on Sunday,  May 2001). Although a lot is wrote about Helmuts work being sexist, exploitative and misogynist but Helmuts wife renowned photographer Alice springs whom edited and curate Helmuts books and exhibitions says that he gives women power. The chains, whips and handcuffs are jokes, These women are no victims (Independent on Sunday,  May, 2001) further more The Barbican curator Tomoko Sato, who collaborated on the exhibition with June, its Guest Curator, says they define the role of women as commanding partner rather than passive object(Independent on Sunday,  May, 2001) in contrast to the work of guy bourdin and Helmut Newton the researcher will now show and discus how the work of fashion photographers who worked primarily in the 1940s and 1950 features models and signs and themes much different to the ones of the 70s and 80s the photographer that will be discussed are Richard Avedon and Irvin Penn. Richard Avedon shot the Paris collections for almost 40 years, and was staff photographer for  Vogue  from 1966 until 1990, Known for bringing the fashion models of the day, including and Sunny Harnett, to life, Richard Avedon injected a previously unseen vibrancy into the medium of fashion photography.  (JO CRAVEN 22 April, 2008) Plate 5 Richard Avedon (1950s) Above is an image by Avedon taken in 1957 of model Carmen DellOrefice. The image following the style of the time features the model looking curvy and not stick thin confirming the results of the tests of the students. Avedon used models like this through his carrier. Irvin Penn was another photographer working in fashion photography industry during the 50s and 60s Penn was 26 when he began working for vogue, photographic covers for the fashion magazine  Vogue. He began photographing his own ideas for covers and soon established himself as a fashion photographer. His austere fashion images communicated elegance and luxury through compositional refinement and clarity of line rather than through the use of elaborate props and backdrops. (1994-2010 Encyclopaedia Britannica,) Andy Gruenberg wrights in the New York times one of the 20th centurys most prolific and influential photographers of fashion and the famous, whose signature blend of classical elegance and cool minimalism was recognizable to magazine readers and museum goers worldwide. Plate 6 Irving Penn. 1950, Vogue America Cover Above is an example of Penns fashion work, again notice the size and shape of the model this image taken in the 1950 for a American vogue cover. Reiterating the point made in the studies and again contrasting the work and change in model shape by the 1980s Conclusion It would apeer that there was a shift in the way that the media fashion photography in particular presenter and advertised an ideal towards it main demographic the research has shown the effects of this change with studys. It has also suggested ways in with this is achieved i.e. semiotics the researcher then applied these rules in semiotics to fashion photography works. Noted fashion photographers were then selected and shown and compared for their noted works in the decades witch they predominantly worked. Over all I believe that the essay proves and highlights the point that it set out to do but more research to reiterate the findings would have been preferred to give the argument more definition. Also more research in to other metered of philology towards the model and advertising could have strengthened the argument more so.

Memasyarakatkan Alkitab atau meng(al)kitabkan masyarakat? :: essays research papers

Memasyarakatkan Alkitab atau meng(al)kitabkan masyarakat? Tantangan dan Kesempatan bagi metode BGA dalam konteks kelisanan dan keberaksaraan Makalah ini disajikan dalam salah satu sesi dalam pelatihan Tim Pelayanan Proyek Philadelphia (TP3) pada tanggal 26 Juli 2004, di Wisma Anugerah, Cisarua, Bogor. Pengantar Makalah ini merupakan bentuk konkretisasi dari refleksi saya berdasarkan berbagai pergumulan berteologi serta pengalaman melayani dalam pembinaan BGA serta berdasarkan karya sehari-hari sebagai anggota staf penerbitan Yayasan PPA. Sebelumnya saya pernah menyusun dan menyajikan beberapa renungan dan makalah yang telah saya sajikan dalam berbagai pertemuan internal PPA. Perkembangan serta perubahan pemikiran saya setelah saat-saat tersebut kini tertuang dalam makalah ini.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Melalui judul dari makalah ini, saya ingin menunjukkan bahwa masih ada beberapa kebijakan, pemikiran, dasar ideologis-teologis dll. yang berkaitan dengan metode BGA, yang masih perlu diperjelas. Judul dari makalah ini menyiratkan salah satu dari beberapa pilihan yang harus diambil: memasyarakatkan Alkitab atau justru meng(al)kitabkan masyarakat. Tujuan makalah ini adalah untuk mengajak kita memikirkan pertanyaan-pertanyaan seperti ini, serta pendapat saya tentang jawaban-jawabannya bagi pertanyaan-pertanyaan tersebut. Mencari udang di balik batu: Konteks keberaksaraan, kelisanan, dan kemajemukan media dalam gaya hidup orang Indonesia Ada banyak istilah yang digunakan orang untuk menjelaskan kemampuan seseorang untuk membaca dan menulis. Ada yang menggunakan istilah melek huruf, keaksaraan, keberaksaraan dll. Dalam makalah ini, saya akan menggunakan istilah  ¡Ã‚ ®keberaksaraan ¡Ã‚ ¯ untuk menunjuk kondisi masyarakat yang secara umum didasarkan pada kemampuan membaca dan menulis, dan  ¡Ã‚ ®melek huruf ¡Ã‚ ¯ untuk kondisi seseorang. Untuk kondisi seseorang yang tidak mampu membaca dan menulis saya menggunakan istilah  ¡Ã‚ ®buta huruf ¡Ã‚ ¯, sementara  ¡Ã‚ ®kelisanan ¡Ã‚ ¯ menunjuk kepada kondisi masyarakat yang lebih didominasi oleh ujaran verbal ketimbang teks tertulis. Saya juga ingin memperjelas makna dari satu istilah yang saya gunakan dalam makalah ini. Mengikuti definisi yang digunakan oleh UNESCO,  ¡Ã‚ ®buku ¡Ã‚ ¯ atau  ¡Ã‚ ®kitab ¡Ã‚ ¯ adalah bahan cetak yang terdiri dari 49 halaman atau lebih, tidak termasuk halaman sampulnya. Menurut Susenas/Statistik Pendidikan, proporsi penduduk buta huruf usia 10 tahun ke atas adalah sebagai berikut: Jenis Kelamin  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Kota  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Desa  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Kota dan Desa Pria  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  3.76  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  10.32  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  7.52 Wanita  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  9.44  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  20.17  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  15.54 Pria dan Wanita  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  6.63  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  15.53  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  11.55 Beda Wanita Pria  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  5.68  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  9.85  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  8.02 Angka ini bisa kita bandingkan dengan tabel keberaksaraan penduduk dunia menurut wilayahnya yang ada di bawah ini. Secara sekilas, kelihatannya taraf keberaksaraan penduduk Indonesia, termasuk umat Kristen di dalamnya, telah mencapai angka yang cukup menggembirakan. Kita dapat mengandaikan bahwa penduduk Indonesia beragama Kristen (yang pada tahun 2000, demikian menurut LP3ES, berjumlah 17.954.977 jiwa atau 8,92% dari keseluruhan jumlah penduduk ) juga memiliki persentase keberaksaraan yang kurang lebih sama dengan komponen penduduk Indonesia lainnya. Bila angka-angka ini benar, maka kelihatannya tersedia ladang yang cukup besar bagi pelayanan pencetakan Alkitab serta literatur penyertanya (sekitar 15 juta jiwa orang Kristen yang dikategorikan tidak buta huruf).

How Technology Can Assist or Hinder Information Management Practices in Organisations

1 INTRODUCTIONTechnology has come a long way in the past 10 to 15 years and we now have access to information at virtually any time, or place we wish. Organisations today rely heavily on technology and without it, would likely struggle to survive. Technology has enabled us to better service the needs of consumers in the ever-changing market.2 ADVANTAGESThe obvious advantage with technology today is that it allows instant access to information and is a great time saving mechanism. USB devices and cloud software make it easier than ever before to access your files anywhere in the world.There is also almost no waiting time whatsoever when you need to find access to a document or the like. It has replaced the need to manually file documents which is a major advantage not only because it saves labour, the document is now much easier to find – you only need to type the file name into the computer and it can bring what you are looking for up.Going digital has also had a large impact on our environment, in a good way. Since the need to file documents manually has significantly reduced, we have in turn saved billions of tonnes in paper as well as reducing greenhouse gasses from producing paper related equipment in factories. Technology has also allowed us to take advantage of more storage than ever before as the need for physical filing equipment has gone. For example, a server can store an earth-shattering amount more information than a filing cabinet or cupboard.3 HINDRANCESData integrity can be a major downfall when using information systems in the workplace as it relies on the user to put the data in correctly in the first place. Until we advance so far in technology that human input is no longer  needed to collect data, then this will remain as a hindrance that we can’t avoid. Whilst technology is very advanced in society today, it also still has the ability to malfunction and crash, it is by no means flawless. Downtime is infrequent but it still me ans that we need to be keeping information backed up onto multiple resources and sometimes there is a need for a hard copy to be kept which can be time consuming to maintain.4 CONCLUSIONWhilst technology is by no means flawless, it has greatly enhanced our way of life and how we keep record of information and events. If technology was just as advanced 100 years ago, we might have seen a very different recollection of historic events.In terms of technology impacting our workplace information systems, it has definitely had an effect for the better. It has allowed us to record mass amounts of information, saved us numerous hours of time and made it extremely easy to access data whenever, wherever – which I feel outweighs the hindrances by far.We can’t control human error but through frequent and improved training for employees, we can reduce it so that the information system being utilised becomes more reliable.

The Rise And Spread Of Buddhism - 954 Words

The rise and spread of Buddhism brought about many radical changes throughout Asia. This included many new styles and inspirations for Asian art. The influence of Buddhism affected many art forms, particularly sculptures and architecture. For those who adopted Buddhism, it became a way a life, it changed the way they wanted to live. This in turn, influenced the artistic aspect of life in Asia. This can be easily shown in several art pieces, such as the Lion Capital, the Bull Capital, as well as architectural designs in the building of the Great Stupa. Buddhism is based on teachings by the Buddha, Siddhartha Gautama. Buddha translates to the â€Å"awakened one.† Buddhist practices are accepted as a way of life rather than solely a religion.†¦show more content†¦With the help of the Silk Road and the interaction of other cultures, Buddhism was able to spread. â€Å"It spread slowly at first, mainly among Chinese scholars and aristocrats, but by the early fourth century, its rituals, repetitive prayers†¦had drawn in the common folk as well† (â€Å"What Life Was Like...† 50). This high traffic trade route was â€Å"formally established during the Han Dynasty of China, which linked the regions of the ancient world in commerce... the greatest value of the Silk Road was the exchange of culture. Art, religion, philosophy, technology, language, science, architecture, and every other element of civilization was exchanged through the Silk Road along with the commercial goods the merchants carried from coun try to country† (â€Å"Silk Road†). As more people began to accept this way of life, they were moved to celebrate it through art forms, such as sculptures (Nardo 43). An example of a sculpture impacted by Buddhist influence is the Lion Capital (Figure 1). This sculpture was placed on a column in Sarnath, at the request of emperor Ashoka, who adopted Buddhism himself. The piece was made of polished chunar sandstone and full of Buddhist symbols. This large sculpture has four lions facing outward, sitting on top of a ring containing three additional animals, a horse, a bull, and an elephant. A wheel separates each animal, with four wheels in total. These animals may represent the four directions or lesser deities. The